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The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, by Hans Reichenbach
PDF Download The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, by Hans Reichenbach
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This book represents a new approach to philosophy. It treats philosophy as not a collection of systems, but as a study of problems. It recognizes in traditional philosophical systems the historical function of having asked questions rather than having given solutions. Professor Reichenbach traces the failures of the systems to psychological causes.
Speculative philosophers offered answers at a time when science had not yet provided the means to give true answers. Their search for certainty and for moral directives led them to accept pseudo-solutions. Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, and many others are cited to illustrate the rationalist fallacy: reason, unaided by observation, was regarded as a source of knowledge, revealing the physical world and "moral truth." The empiricists could not disprove this thesis, for they could not give a valid account of mathematical knowledge.
Mathematical discoveries in the early nineteenth century cleared the way for modern scientific philosophy. Its advance was furthered by discoveries in modern physics, chemistry, biology, and psychology. These findings have made possible a new conception of the universe and of the atom. The work of scientists thus altered philosophy completely and brought into being a philosopher with a new attitude and training.
Instead of dictating so-called laws of reason to the scientist, this modern philosopher proceeds by analyzing scientific methods and results. He finds answers to the age-old questions of space, time, causality, and life; of the human observer and the external world. He tells us how to find our way through this world without resorting to unjustifiable beliefs or assuming a supernatural origin for moral standards. Philosophy thus is no longer a battleground of contradictory opinions, but a science discovering truth step by step.
Professor Reichenbach, known for his many contributions to logic and the philosophy of science, addresses this book to a wider audience. He writes for those who do not have the leisure or preparation to read in the fields of mathematics, symbolic logic, or physics. Besides showing the principal foundations of the new philosophy, he has been careful to provide the necessary factual background. He has written a philosophical study, not a mere popularization. It contains within its chapters all the necessary scientific material in an understandable form—and, therefore, conveys all the information indispensable to a modern world-view.
The late Hans Reichenbach was Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles. His previous books include
- Sales Rank: #1163981 in Books
- Published on: 1961-08-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.99" h x .78" w x 5.00" l, .84 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 333 pages
About the Author
The late Hans Reichenbach was Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles. His previous books include The Theory of Probability and Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (University of California Press); Elements of Symbolic Logic; Experience and Prediction; and Atom and Cosmos.
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
pre-Kantian speculative philosophy debunked
By A Customer
I am only half way through this AMAZING book, and the revelations are incredible. The first third is a history of philosophy and epistemology up until Kant, and shows you what true science is all about. This is a manifest for clear thought, if I've ever seen one, and I have... Carl Sagan's "The Demon-Haunted World". This book explains everything with reason and rationale, he has not yet gone into the metaphysic to explain anything. He doesn't expect the reader to go to another source, he explains it all in the book, says who he got it from, even what book. If you ever wanted to know what the scientific philosophy truly was you have to read this. It is not just about its rise, but explains WHAT it is, with that very important geneological information about how it came about. If you are religious, watch out. It will really shake your world, and you will understand why the highest percentage of agnostics is found in the intellectual, scientific fields that required the intellectual philosophic framework of science in order to be comprehended completely. EVERY SCIENCE STUDENT SHOULD READ THIS! Got to close up the computer lab, and happy reading.
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Dated, but still relevant
By Fritz-Anton
It should be pointed out at the outset that while the author of the present classic book was a logical positivist, the author of the present review is not. Indeed, I think that basically all the central claims of the logical positivists were false. However, this important book goes far beyond the central claims of the logical positivist movement and I very much like the spirit in which it was written. Reichenbach tries to show how philosophy can (and ought to) benefit from modern science and, I think, how modern science can benefit from a philosophy that does away with certain outdated ways of thinking. He draws an important distinction between what he calls "speculative philosophy", on the one hand, and "scientific philosophy", on the other hand. The former is identified with the old and associated with building philosophical systems, while the latter is concerned with refining the questions (by logical analysis). Also, the speculative philosophy is associated with rationalism, while scientific philosophy is associated with empiricism. The errors of speculative philosophy are traced back to a heavy reliance of analogies and "picture language" in the place of real explanations and to a misguided search for absolute certainty.
Reichenbach is one of those rare individuals that have deep insights into both philosophy and modern science. His insight into mathematics, geometry, logic and physics is impressive. Philosophy cannot remain unchanged after breakthroughs of the Darwinian theory of evolution, Einstein's theory of relativity and the big bang theory, etc. Philosophers need to take note of scientific results that have relevance for philosophic questions and, I believe, scientists need to take note of philosophy. But meeting halfway, as it were, is impossible if the philosopher insists on doing philosophy like Plato and Aristotle did philosophy. One very important thing that Reichenbach takes up is how totally untenable it is to retain a teleological worldview in the face of modern science and how much damage to understanding anthropomorphic ideas has had and sadly continues to have to this day.
I think it is fair to say that this book is dated now, but where is a similar book written in this spirit today by someone who is as well read in both philosophy and science as Reichenbach was? Besides, it is very much in line with the attitude of the writer of the book that progress would be made after its publication. He would not consider this book to be a final statement on the topic, but a step in the right direction. I'm certain that progress has been made in almost all the areas on which the book touches, but one area on which I can say with confidence that this is the case is ethics. The chapter on "the nature ethics" is frustrating for me to read being a moral philosopher myself. Reichenbach thinks that much can be learned by doing a logical analysis of moral language and that if we do so we discover that non-cognitivism is the only way to go. This approach is severely outdated today. He does however discuss the relation of the individual to the group, but without going very deep.
In the spirit of the arguments found inside, I think this book should be seen, not as a final statement, but as a statement of the best philosophy at the time of its publication.
Fritz- Anton Fritzson
Lund University,
Sweden
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Philosophy with an Edge
By L. J. Oja
In an episode of Seinfeld, George makes a comment about physiotherapists, and I think professionals in general. He claims that "everyone's guy is the best". Certainly this can be true for many authors as well.
This is not the case here because I am not enamored with his other works. But in the Rise of Scientific Philosophy, Reichenbach brings you through questions and observations which need addressing. He begins his assault on poor Philosophy on page three, and continues through the book. He separates out the poetic philosophers, from the more tough minded philosophers that actually say something.
I don't think that I am exaggerating when I write: I don't believe someone can truly say they have some philosophical background without having read and digested the work contained with in Reichenbach's book.
But, it is not an easy read, and will take time. But the time taken is very much worth it.
Note: I must confess that I bought my copy of the book fully a year before actually reading it.
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